Interpretable Ensemble Machine Learning for Statistical Emulation of Summer PM2.5 Change in GEOS-CF over the Arabian Peninsula: How Far Does Spatially Blocked Skill Transfer?
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over the Arabian Peninsula is poorly monitored at the surface. This study emulates the relative change in summer (June–August) PM2.5 between 2020 and 2025 in the NASA GEOS-CF composition system with interpretable ensemble machine learning, using thirteen predictors from Sentinel-5P TROPO...