Author

M. Ghafar

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Review Open access Oct 2026

Digital engagement and electoral behavior: The impact of social media on youth political participation and voting in Pakistan

This study aims to explore the relationship between digital engagement and youth political participation and orientations towards voting among the students at university and college in Hazara Division, KPK Pakistan. This was a quantitative cross-sectional survey of 400 respondents between 18-35 years of age, using an o...

Muhammad Ishaq, Muhammad Shahzad, M. Ghafar · Social Sciences Spectrum · 0 citations

Open access Sep 2026

Modeling Youth Political Socialization in the Digital Age: Evidence from Hazara Division, Pakistan

Aim of the Study: The current study explores social media as a new arena of political socialisation among the university and college-going youth in Hazara Division of KP, Pakistan. Methodology: It builds on Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT) and Social Engagement Theory (SET) by conceptualising digital political soci...

Muhammad Ishaq, Muhammad Shahzad, M. Ghafar · Human Nature Journal of Soci... · 0 citations