Impact of forest management on the future resilience of German Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) forests to abiotic and biotic threats in the changing climate
The impacts of biotic and abiotic disturbances, such as bark beetles and wind storms, on European forests are likely to increase due to climate change, and forest management must adapt accordingly. Productive coniferous tree species, such as Norway spruce, are particularly vulnerable to these effects. Diverse forest ma...