M. Iqbal

The mammalian-adaptive PB2- E627K substitution preserves viral fitness of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV in birds

Emerging Haemagglutinin Mutations in Bovine-origin H5N1 Influenza Viruses from Humans and Cattle Retain Avian Receptor Binding with Increased Stability

The current H5N1 panzootic has seen an unprecedented host range expansion, including sustained circulation in US dairy cattle, detected in March 2024. By July 2026, infections had been reported on more than 1,150 dairy farms across 19 states. Although the outbreak initially centred in Texas, California has emerged as t...

Mutations in severe human H5N1 cases facilitate evasion from human mucus and antivirals

A new paradigm for the evolutionary drivers of haemagglutinin is presented, where reduced sialic acid binding can serve as an advantage for escape from host barriers and antivirals.

Machine learning and response surface modeling for predicting strength loss of alkali-activated materials exposed to aggressive environment