Immunogenicity assay of an experimental inactivated vaccine against bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 in calves
Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) is a key pathogen in the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD). This study aimed to develop an effective inactivated vaccine using an indigenous Iranian BPIV3 strain, evaluating different inactivation methods and adjuvants. The viral antigen was inactivated wi...