The Impact of Intrathecal Hydrophilic Opioids on Postoperative Pain, Opioid Consumption and Adverse Events for Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Intrathecal morphine (ITM) is a promising analgesic option for major abdominal surgery, but its clinical efficacy, potential adverse events and optimal dosing require further investigation. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for data from 1990 until July 2024 to id...