Global $L^p$ Second Commutation Lemma
We prove the second commutation lemma for the Lebesgue spaces $L^p({\bf R}^d)$, $1<p<\infty$, on the whole unbounded domain, extending the $L^2$ theory of Tartar (1990) to the Banach-space framework of H-distributions. Unlike the $L^2$ setting, where the Plancherel isometry and Hilbert-space compactness are available, the global $L^p$ setting has neither. We control the non-local tail through Calder\'on--Zygmund kernel estimates, an explicit Taylor-remainder identity, and spatial truncation, obtaining order-$(-\epsilon)$ smoothing of the remainder into the Besov scale. Pairing weakly convergent sequences with their canonical Nemyckij duals, we then use the lemma to derive $L^p$ transport equations. For first-order scalar equations we establish the phase-space bicharacteristic (Vlasov) flow of the associated H-distribution when $p \ge 2$; for the quasilinear $p$-wave system we lift the local energy identity to the microlocal level, obtaining a Poynting-flux transport of microlocal energy in the linear core $p = 2$ and isolating the structural obstruction to its closure when $p \neq 2$. These results provide functional-analytic tools for tracking the propagation of singularities in degenerate nonlinear and non-local partial differential equations.