M. N. Iqbal

A Catboost-Based Machine Learning Approach for Fault Detection in VSC-Based Multi-Terminal HVDC Grid

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems face protection challenges due to the absence of natural current zero-crossings and the rapid rise of fault currents. This paper proposes a hierarchical fault detection and classification framework for multi-terminal HVDC networks that combines transient feature e...