Open access
Sep 2026
Effect of Foliar Application of Castor Oil and NAA on Physicochemical Properties of Apple (Malus pumila Mill.) Fruits
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of foliar application of castor oil and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; commercially known as Stavals) on the physicochemical characteristics of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) fruits under Iraqi environmental conditions. The experiment was conducted during the 2024 growing season usin...
Jwan Mohammed, A. Zainel, H. Kanber et al.
· Kirkuk University Journal Fo... · 0 citations