Remnant cholesterol (RC) is a proven independent and causal risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), beyond LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, diabetes, and other traditional risk factors. It reflects the cholesterol content of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and is strongly associated with subclinical inflammatio...
F. Sousa, M. Mendonca, G. Abreu et al.· European Heart Journal· 0 citations
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) results from interconnected metabolic and renal comorbidities that jointly increase atherosclerotic burden and mortality. The American Heart Association recently introduced the cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) syndrome staging system, but its prognostic relevance remains under di...
F. Sousa, M. Mendonca, S. Freitas et al.· European Heart Journal· 0 citations
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases with cardiometabolic conditions have a high prevalence of comorbidities and an elevated mortality risk. Insulin resistance (IR) is a significant contributor to their pathogenesis. METS-IR assessors for IR are employed in clinical evaluations; however, their relationship wit...
M. Ferreira, M. Mendonca, G. Abreu et al.· European Heart Journal· 0 citations
Cardiovascular diseases with cardiometabolic conditions have a high prevalence of comorbidities and an elevated mortality risk. Insulin resistance (IR) is a significant contributor to their pathogenesis. Several assessors for IR are employed in clinical evaluations; however, their relationship with mortality is i...
G. Abreu, M. Mendonca, M. Ferreira et al.· European Heart Journal· 0 citations
Obesity is a well-established risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Increasing evidence, however, indicates that obesity should not be regarded solely as a risk factor but as a chronic, multifactorial disease with complex metabolic and inflammatory consequences. A recent Commission (2025) proposed redefining...
G. Abreu, M. Mendonca, F. Sousa et al.· European Heart Journal· 0 citations
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