Preprint
Sep 2026
Has The Physical Layer Matured?
The wireless physical (PHY) layer has enabled successive generations of cellular systems through advances in modulation, coding, waveforms, and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission. This article assesses whether these techniques are now approaching maturity and where substantial further gains remain possi...
M. Shafi, Chang-Long Xu, Xing-Qin Lin et al.
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