Numerical Simulation of Substrate Preheating Effects on Thermal Behaviour and Microstructure Evolution in WAAM-Fabricated Stainless Steel 316L Walls
This study investigates the effect of substrate preheating on the thermal behaviour and microstructure evolution of stainless steel 316L fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). A three-dimensional transient thermal finite element model was developed in ABAQUS to simulate the layer-by-layer deposition proc...