The presence of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments has raised growing concern due to risks to health and the environment, particularly their interference with drinking water treatment and the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). This review synthesizes studies published between 2019 and 2024 on interactions between MPs and disinfectants—chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet radiation. Evidence indicates that MPs act as reactive surfaces, vectors for contaminants, and indirect precursors, contributing to toxic DBPs such as trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and nitrosamines. Physicochemical aging within treatment and distribution systems enhances leaching of additives and oxidation products, which participate in complex reaction networks. Effects vary with polymer type, oxidant dose and contact conditions, and the presence of dissolved organic matter. Key gaps include the lack of standardized methods for quantifying MPs in treated water, the scarcity of data on nanoplastics, and limited long-term risk assessment. Overall, MPs in water treatment should not be overlooked, as they represent an emerging pathway for human and environmental exposure to DBPs. The review underscores the need to integrate MP removal research, robust analytical methods, and evidence-based policies to address this challenge in the context of drinking-water safety.
Dario de Andrade Prata Filho, D. D. F. Carmo, M. Vezzone et al.· Proceedings of the XI Worksh...· 0 citations
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth, but its use efficiency (UNE) is often limited by losses due to leaching, NH volatilization, and denitrification, impacting both productivity and the environment. Factors such as fertilizer type, soil characteristics, climate, and crop directly influence UUE, with sandy tropical soils being particularly susceptible to N losses. Biochar derived from organic waste has proven
effective in mitigating these losses, acting as a soil conditioner, increasing pH, moisture retention, porosity, and microbial activity, favoring greater N absorption by plants. This review summarizes recent evidence on the role of biochar in improving ENU, reducing N losses, and enabling innovative fertilizer formulations. Studies indicate that biochar modified or used as a coating for urea, as well as organomineral fertilizers, promotes the gradual release of N, increases macroaggregate stability, reduces leaching and gaseous
emissions, and increases productivity. In addition, innovative formulations incorporating lauric acid or Hermetia illucens by-products increase the multifunctionality of biofertilizers and contribute to circular economy practices. These strategies link nutrient management to waste valorization, contributing to more sustainable fertilization approaches.
Allana Kedry Mattos Marques, Dirlane de Fátima do Carmo, M. Vezzone et al.· Proceedings of the XI Worksh...· 0 citations