Hydrolyzed eggshell membrane-calcium chelation complex for enhanced antimicrobial activity, antioxidant defense, and male reproductive homeostasis function.
Male infertility is strongly associated with oxidative stress-induced damage to sperm structure and function, necessitating bioactive systems capable of regulating redox balance and calcium homeostasis. In this study, a peptide-Ca2+ chelated eggshell membrane system (Eh-ESM-Ca) was developed via enzymatic hydrolysis an...