Neuroprotective Effects of Empagliflozin Against Methamphetamine-Induced Withdrawal Syndrome in Mice: Involvement of Bdnf, Tlr4, and JNK Signaling Pathways and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
Background Methamphetamine withdrawal is associated with reduced dopaminergic neurotransmission, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and structural brain changes, which are linked to cognitive impairment, memory deficits, and psychological distress. Objectives This study investigated whether empagliflozin, a sodium-gl...