Open access
Aug 2026
AI as learning scaffold or crutch? Secondary students’ experiences in english language learning through Vygotsky’s ZPD lens
This study examines how secondary students in semi-urban Nepal perceive AI tools through the lens of Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), asking whether AI functions as a scaffold that enhances linguistic competence or a crutch that erodes autonomy.
Mahadev Devkota, Nabaraj Neupane
· Eureka: Journal of Education... · 0 citations