: Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) are a soft computing paradigm that combines fuzzy logic, neural networks, and graph theory to represent causality and reasoning in complex systems. Since their introduction in the 1980s as a generalization of cognitive maps, they have matured into a versatile framework that spans many vari...
Maikel Leon· Computers, Materials & C...· 0 citations
Large language models have shifted AI toward statistical learning, but knowledge-based methods remain essential for tasks governed by combinatorial structure, declarative correctness, strong domain priors, and auditable reasoning. This paper treats the issue as one of task–architecture fit rather than paradigm competit...
Maikel Leon· WSEAS Transactions on System...· 0 citations
Generative AI adoption has outpaced organizational governance capabilities. We conceptualize AI guardrails as sociotechnical governance mechanisms, comprising policy, technical, and workflow components that embed organizational norms in deployed AI systems. Extending norm-based coordination accounts, we specify three m...
Maikel Leon· Journal of Supercomputing· 1 citation
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