IoT-Based Automatic Power Factor Correction for PLN Industrial Customers: A Simulation-Based Design and Evaluation of kVArh Penalty Reduction
Industrial loads dominated by induction motors tend to have a low power factor (cos φ), drawing excess reactive power from the PT PLN (Persero) grid. Under Ministerial Regulation ESDM No. 7 of 2024, industrial customers whose monthly average power factor is below 0.85 are charged for excess reactive power usage (kVArh)...