Precision Microbiome Interventions in Oncology: From Predictive Biomarkers to Therapeutic Modulation of Immunotherapy Outcomes
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment of multiple malignancies, yet durable clinical responses remain limited to a subset of patients. Accumulating evidence identifies the gut microbiome as a regulator of antitumour immunity that can influence treatment efficacy and toxicity through microbi...