Open access
Jul 2026
AI winters as legitimacy crises. From the history of technological promises to governance models of generative AI
This article argues that the classical AI winters were primarily legitimacy crises, in which the system of justifications linking technical promise, funding, commercialization, and social acceptability collapsed, and proposes a hierarchical interaction model of four legitimacy gaps.
Mariusz Mazurek, Jacek Gurczyński
· AI and Ethics · 0 citations