Clinical Outcomes and Acute Exacerbation Incidence in Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is characterized by coexisting upper-zone emphysema and lower-zone fibrosis, but standardized diagnostic criteria and clinical outcomes remain poorly defined. This study aimed to evaluate survival, acute exacerbation incidence, and disease progre...