Insights into Mother Tongue Influence in ESL Classrooms: A Comparative Empirical Analysis of Syntactic, Grammatical, and Translational Errors in Secondary School Narrative Essays
Mother tongue (L1) interference remains a central obstacle in second language (L2) acquisition within English as a Second Language (ESL) environments. This empirical qualitative study investigates the influence of Bahasa Melayu (L1) on English (L2) narrative essay writing among secondary school students in Hulu Perak,...