Is therapeutic exercise as a standalone intervention effective in reducing kinesiophobia in adults with nonspecific chronic low back pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression.
PURPOSE Kinesiophobia is a psychosocial factor associated with pain persistence and disability in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). Although exercise therapy is commonly recommended, its isolated effect on kinesiophobia remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evalua...