Cancer-associated fibroblasts drive immune resistance in MSS colorectal cancer via the FAIM2-CES1-ER stress pathway.
Microsatellite-stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) shows limited responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors, often in the context of a fibrotic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are central to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, yet the underlying regulatory mech...