Benzo[a]pyrene-induced immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Introduction Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a widespread polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is a major aquatic pollutant with known toxic effects. However, its immunotoxicity during early fish development remains poorly understood. This study investigated the immunotoxic, neurotoxic, and cardiotoxic effects of B[a]P in gr...