A Mean-Field Theory of Transformers: Well-Posedness of the Coupled Data--Parameter Dynamics and Global Convergence of Training
We develop a rigorous mean-field theory for transformer networks that captures two large-scale limits inherent in the architecture: the number of tokens $N\to\infty$ in the input sequence and the number of attention heads $H\to\infty$ in each layer. It further considers an infinite number of layers leading to a time-co...