Author

Mihir Agarwal

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Preprint Aug 2026

Retrieval Needs Multivectors: An Exponential Separation

This work provides the first explicit family of query and document sets, together with their relevance matrices, for which single-vector embeddings that rank all relevant documents above irrelevant ones require exponential size, whereas polynomial-size multi-vector embeddings suffice.

Mihir Agarwal, Viraj Agrawal, Sabyasachi Basu et al. · 1 citation