Mechanistic Insight into Biosafe Upcycling of Spent NCM111 Cathodes: Microbial Metabolism and HA-Driven Metal Recovery
The rapid growth in lithium-ion battery consumption necessitates eco-friendly and sustainable methods for recovering strategic metals from spent cathodes. In this study, a food-grade, biosafe strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, was employed for the bioleaching of spent LiNi 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 catho...