Review
Open access
Oct 2026
The apelin/APJ system as a complementary target to RAAS blockade in cardiorenal disease.
BACKGROUND Cardiorenal disease emerges from reciprocal injury among the heart, vasculature, kidney, and metabolic organs, with maladaptive neurohormonal activation as a central pathobiological driver. Although renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade has transformed cardiorenal care, substantial residual ri...
Li-Ya Lin, Han-Xiao Yu, Min-Yue Jia et al.
· CardioRenal Medicine · 0 citations