Ming-Can Dong

Immune checkpoint inhibition in bone metastases: lesion response heterogeneity, the osteoimmune niche, and microenvironment-directed therapy.

Bone metastases are common in advanced solid tumors and are clinically important not only because they cause skeletal-related events, including bone pain, pathological fractures, and spinal cord compression, but also because they may influence responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Clinical evidence has cons...