Ming Liu

Immune–chondrocyte ligand–receptor axes in osteoarthritis: microenvironmental control of inflammation, matrix remodeling, and chondrocyte fate

Osteoarthritis (OA) is increasingly recognized as a whole-joint disease shaped by chronic low-grade inflammation, matrix damage, mechanical stress, and failed tissue repair. Beyond the traditional view of cartilage wear, emerging evidence indicates that immune–chondrocyte ligand–receptor (LR) communication plays a cent...