Ming Zhang

ENSO-related variability in typhoon-induced high-wave exposure along the Guangdong coast

Typhoon-generated high waves are a recurrent coastal hazard along Guangdong, southern China, however, the extent to which the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can inform annual-scale coastal exposure remains uncertain. This study integrates hourly ERA5 wave and wind data (1979–2025) from six coastal-shelf grid poi...