Open access
Aug 2026
Smoking shapes the relationship between metabolic biomarkers and femoral-neck bone mineral density: A stratified analysis by smoking status
Smoking status impacts the relationship between metabolism-related biomarkers and BMD, highlighting the need for smoking status-specific bone health guidelines and suggesting that personalized approaches may be necessary to mitigate the risk of bone deterioration.
Amal M. Hassan, Saja A. Abdallah, Amal Al-Haidose et al.
· Tobacco Induced Diseases · 0 citations