Integrated Assessment of BTEX in Tehran’s Ambient Air: Concentration Levels, Diagnostic Ratios (T/B, X/B), and Human Health Risk Evaluation
Background: Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) are key volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that pose substantial environmental and public health risks in urban environments. Objectives: This study presents a methodologically transparent assessment of BTEX concentrations, spatial and seasonal variations, e...