Gut microbiota-derived TMA/TMAO and IRAK4 signaling in type 2 diabetes: Current evidence, knowledge gaps and future therapeutic opportunities.
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is now considered an immunometabolic condition with a long-term low-grade inflammatory state, insulin resistance, and host-microbiome interactions. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine (TMA), its hepatic metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and IRAK4...