Development of CaO/Al2O3 bifunctional catalyst for biodiesel production from jatropha oil: optimization and kinetic study
Biodiesel production from non-edible Jatropha curcas oil, which have high free fatty acid (FFA) content, presents technical challenges due to soap formation during conventional base-catalyzed transesterification. This often necessitates a costly and time-consuming acid pretreatment. To address this, the study developed...