VISUAL SCAFFOLDING FOR PRACTICAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT: THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPLATE-ASSISTED LEARNING (TALM) ON PASTRY PIPING SELF-EFFICACY IN CULINARY EDUCATION
Practical skill development in culinary education requires repeated hands-on practice, feedback, and confidence in performing psychomotor tasks. However, limited practical contact hours and restricted opportunities for independent practice may hinder students’ development of practical self-efficacy. This study examined...