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N. Al-Ammar

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Open access Aug 2026

Evaluation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-15, IL-18, and IFN-γ as diagnostic biomarkers and their relationship with glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Background. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a persistent autoimmune condition marked by the T-cell-mediated obliteration of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells. This mechanism is governed by a complex network of pro-inflammatory cytokines that facilitate chronic inflammation and immune-mediated cell death. Compr...

F. Hameed, N. Al-Ammar, D. Al-Waeli · 0 citations

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