A Frobenius–Euler Polynomial Matrix‐Collocation Method for Nonlinear Duffing‐Type Oscillators: Structural Conditioning, Spectral Convergence, and Piecewise Long‐Time Integration
This paper develops a matrix‐collocation method based on the Frobenius–Euler polynomial family Hn(λ;x)${{H}_n}( {\lambda ;x} )$ for nonlinear Duffing‐type oscillators. The Appell structure of the Frobenius–Euler basis yields a parameter‐independent subdiagonal operational derivative matrix, while the parameter λ$\lambd...