Tailored low-waste integrated biorefinery via hydrothermal-organosolv pretreatment for multiple bio-based products: process performance and techno-economic assessment.
Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable carbon source with strong potential to partially replace fossil resources. However, its valorization into high-value products remains constrained by technical, economic, and environmental challenges. Fractionation is therefore a critical step in biorefinery design to enable effici...