Infrastructure-Oriented Assessment of Energy Efficiency and Estimated CO2 Emissions at the Combustion Stage of a Diesel–LNG Dual-Fuel Mining Dump Truck Based on Field Telemetry Data
Haul-road condition can affect traction demand and diesel-to-LNG substitution in mining trucks. We evaluated a 140-t truck at the Ekibastuz coal mine using 180 registered cycles (88 diesel-only [DOM], 92 dual-fuel [DGB]), 24 road segments, 36 defect events and 30 matched fuel-mode pairs. Mean ECM-reported substitution...