Reproductive Toxicity of Sudan IV-Adulterated Palm Oil in Male Wistar Rats: Hormonal, Oxidative and Testicular Effects
Sudan IV (S4D) is a synthetic azo dye prohibited for use in food because of its carcinogenic and mutagenic potential, yet it has been detected as an adulterant in edible palm oil. Despite evidence of systemic toxicity, information on its effects on male reproductive function remains limited. This study investigated the...