Cardiovascular–Kidney–Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: An Integrated Framework for Prevention, Clinical Management, and Nursing Practice
Cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) syndrome is an integrated clinical framework describing the interdependence of metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia may contribute to kidney...