Combined adipose- and umbilical cord-derived extracellular vesicles modulate inflammatory and chondrogenic signaling to promote cartilage repair
Introduction: Articular cartilage has a limited intrinsic capacity for regeneration following injury, particularly in cases of severe defects. Exosome-based therapy has emerged as a promising cell-free regenerative strategy, with increasing preclinical evidence supporting its therapeutic potential in cartilage repair....