Najibeh Farzi-Veijouyeh

QLOA: A Self-Adaptive Q-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm with Dynamic Mathematical Formulation Selection

Experimental results on standard benchmark functions and the CEC2019 and CEC2022 test suites demonstrate that QLOA outperforms reference algorithms in both the Friedman and Wilcoxon statistical tests, confirming its efficiency, robustness, and statistically significant superiority over existing methods.