Sounding Like Which AI? Machine-Style Overlap of arXiv Abstracts with Language Models of Different Vintages
We ask not how much text was produced with LLM help but how much writing, by any author, falls on the LLM side of a stylistic boundary, and which LLMs define that side. We define Machine-Style Overlap (MSO): the share of documents that a calibrated classifier on style features that ignore content-word identity judges a...