Perioperative Ketamine and Esketamine for Postoperative Mood Symptoms After Orthopaedic Surgery: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Objectives: Perioperative anxiety and depression are common following major orthopaedic surgery and may adversely affect postoperative recovery. Ketamine and esketamine have rapid psychotropic effects; however, their effectiveness in reducing postoperative mood symptoms in orthopaedic patients remains uncertain. We sys...