Heiguteng Zhuifeng Huoluo capsule alleviates osteoarthritis associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism remodeling and PI3K/AKT/mTOR-related inflammatory signaling.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by cartilage destruction, osteophyte formation, and chronic inflammation. Heiguteng Zhuifeng Huoluo Capsule (HZHC) is a traditional preparation used to relieve knee joint pain and swelling. However, its anti-osteoarthritic effects and pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. Here,...