A Hilfer Fractional Vaccination Epidemic Model: Stability Analysis and a Physics-Informed Neural Network Validated on COVID-19 Data
A Hilfer generalized fractional epidemic model with vaccination and asymptomatic transmission is proposed and analysed. The Hilfer operator interpolates between the Riemann-Liouville and Caputo derivatives through a type parameter. Therefore, the model captures hereditary memory and nonlocal temporal effects through bo...