Review
Open access
Sep 2026
ctDNA and immune biomarker testing for molecular residual disease surveillance and immune stratification in cancer
A conceptual, hypothesis-generating framework is proposed in which ctDNA reports tumor-derived molecular signal and shedding, whereas immune assays report immune pressure and escape, which may, if prospectively validated, distinguish biologically different MRD states.
Ning Cui, H. Hao, Xiao-Feng Hu et al.
· Frontiers in Medicine · 0 citations